Stammering @ Gagap

What do you understand by stammering?

Stammering is "characterised by stoppages and disruptions in fluency which interrupt the smooth flow and timing of speech. These stoppages may take the form of repetitions of sounds, syllables or words, or of prolongations of sounds so that words seem to be stretched out, and can involve silent blocking of the airflow of speech when no sound is heard" (Enderby, 1996).

Speech may sound forced, tense or jerky.
People who stammer may avoid certain words or situations which they know will cause them difficulty.
Some people avoid and substitute words to such an extent that people in their lives may not realise they have a stammer. This is known as "covert stammering".

What causes stammering?

It is not known what causes stammering but research seems to suggest that a combination of factors is involved.
Genetics are relevant at least in some cases. Someone with stammering in the family seems more likely to develop a stammer themselves.
Brain imaging studies have shown significant differences between the brain activity of people stammering as compared with fluent speakers.

How many people does stammering affect?

Under Fives. It is widely accepted that 5% of children under the age of five will go through a phase of stammering at some stage in their speech and language development.Across the whole of Britain that represents around 188,000 pre-school age children. Up to a quarter of these children are at serious risk of developing chronic stammering which may persist into adulthood without intervention during the pre-school years. In the under fives twice as many boys stammer as girls.

School-Age ChildrenFrom research studies it is estimated that 1.2% of all school-age children stammer.In the UK stammering affects approximately 109,000 children between the ages of 5-16 years old.

Adults who stammerFigures on stammering in adulthood show that 1% of the adult population stammers - that's around 459,000 adults in Britain.About 3.5 to 4 men stammer for every woman who stammers.

Stammering does not appear to be increasing or decreasing. Published research studies indicate that these figures are consistent world-wide and that stammering occurs across all cultures and in all social groups.

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